Kidney is excretion organ becoming part of urine system. Functioning kidney filters dirt from blood and throws away it together with water in the form of urine. At man has a couple of kidney which located in stomach back or abdomen. This kidney located in right and left of backbone, under liver and spleen. On the top (superior) kidney there is adrenal gland (also is called as gland suprarenal). Kidney haves the character of retroperitoneal, is meaning located in peritoneum back arranging in layers abdomen cavity. Right kidney usually located a little below left kidney to give place for liver. Both kidneys wrapped by two fatty tissues (fat perirenal and fat pararenal) what assists damps convulsion.
At adult, kidney has footage around 11 cm and thickness of 5 cm weighing around 150 grams. Kidney has form like bean with hollowing facing inside.
In the External part from kidney called as cortex, deeper part again is called as medulla. Innermost part called as pelvis. Kidney wrapped by diffuse tie network layer so-called kapsula.
Elementary functional unit from kidney is nephron which can amount to multiple million fruits in one normal kidneys of adult man. Functioning nephron as water regulator and solute (especially electrolyte) in body selective blood, then mereabsorpsi dilution and molecule which still be required body. Molecule and rest of other dilution will thrown. Reabsorpsi and disposal is done to applies mechanism of countercurrent exchange and kotranspor. End result that is then is excretion called as urine.
a nephron consisted of a buffer component so-called corpuscle (Malphigi body) what continued by channels (tubulus). Every corpuscle contains blood capillary roll so-called glomerulus staying in kapsula Bowman. Every glomerulus gets blood stream from afferent artery. Capillary wall from glomerulus has pore for filtration or screening. Blood can be filtered through thin epithelium wall having pore from glomerulus and kapsula Bowman because of existence of pressure from blood pushing blood plasma. Filtrate yielded will step into dalan kidney tubulus. Blood which has been filtered will leave kidney through?via artery eferen.
Among blood in glomerulus and room contains dilution in kapsula Bowman there are three layers, they is:
1. capillary as endothelial cell at glomerulus.
2. rich layer of protein as elementary membrane.
3. as cell epitel arranges in layers wall kapsula Bowman (podocyte).
By using pressure, dilution in blood is pushed to exit from glomerulus, pass third of layer and comes into room in kapsula Bowman in the form of filtrate glomerular. Blood plasma filtrate doesn't contain corpuscle and or big protein molecule. Protein in the form of detectable small molecule in this filtrate. Man blood pass kidney 350 times every day with speed of 1,2 litres per minute, yields 125 cc filtrate glomerular per the minute. Screening speed of this glomerular applied for test diagnosa kidney function.
Kidney tubulus is continuation from kapsula Bowman. Part of this flowing filtrate glomerular from kapsula Bowman called as konvulation tubulus proksimal. Part hereinafter is arching Henle having estuary at distal konvulation tubulus. Curve Henle called based on the inventor is Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle in the beginning of year 1860-an. Curve Henle takes care of gradient osmotic in transfer against the stream applied for filtration. Cell arranging in layers tubulus to have many mitochondria yielding ATP and enables the happening of active transport to reabsorb glucose, amino acid, and various mineral ions. Most of water (977%) in filtrate comes into convullation tubulus and tubulus colectivus through osmosis.
Dilution flows from distal konvulation tubulus into compiler system consisted of:
* link tubulus
* tubulus kolektivus kortikal
* tubulus kloektivus medularis
Place of curve Henle contact with afferent artery called as apparatus juxtaglomerular, contains macula densa and cell juxtaglomerular. Cell juxtaglomerular is place the happening of synthesis and secretion of renin. Dilution becomes more and more viscid alongside tubulus and channel to form urine, which then is brought to urinary bladder to pass ureter.
