The organs that play a role in regulating fluid balance include:
• Kidney
The main functions of kidney in maintaining water balance:
- Setting the volume and osmolality CES through the selective retention and excretion of body fluids.
- Setting electrolyte levels in the CES with retention of the necessary substance selective.
- Setting pH CES through the retention of hydrogen ions.
- Excretion of metabolic waste and toxic substances.
Therefore, renal failure clearly affects fluid balance, because the kidneys can not function.
• Heart and blood vessels
Working heart pumps blood circulating through the kidney under the appropriate pressure to produce urine. Cardiac pump failure and renal perfusion was bothersome because it disrupts water and electrolyte regulation.
• Lungs
Through ekhalasi lungs out as much as +300 L water per day in adults. In an abnormal condition such as hiperpnea or persistent cough will increase water loss; mechanical ventilation to reduce excessive water loss of this water.
The pituitary gland
• The hypothalamus produces a substance that is also called hormone ADH water storage, because of its function to maintain osmotic pressure cell by controlling the retention or excretion of water by the kidneys and by regulating blood volume.
• Adrenal Glands
Aldosterone is produced / secreted by the adrenal cortex (zone glomerolus). Increased aldosterone resulted in sodium retention so that the water was also arrested, lose heat. Whereas if aldosterone is less then the water will leak out because of sodium loss. Cortisol also causes retention of sodium.
• Parathyroid Glands
Adjust the balance of calcium and phosphate by parathyroid hormone (PTH.) So with PTH can mereabsorbsi bone, calcium absorption from the intestine and reabsorption of calcium from the kidneys.
Factors Affecting Fluid Balance
Factors Affecting Fluid Balance
1. Age
With increasing age, all the organs that regulate the balance will decrease its function, the result function to regulate the balance also declined. For example: kidney failure, heart failure, etc..
2. Environmental Temperature
A hot environment can cause us to sweat a lot so a lot of fluid out
3. Diet
High-sodium diet will function retain urine, and vice versa.
4. Drugs
Such as steroids, diuretics.
5. Stress
Affect cell metabolism, increase blood sugar, increase the osmotic and ADH will increase so that the urine decreased
6. Ill
Such as fuel, in a state of ill clear out a lot of water, such as kidney failure.
In general, the condition noraml, the body needs daily fluid can be calculated using the formula:
Formula1
The need is about 1 milliliter of fluid for every kilocalorie body's energy needs. If someone needs 1800 kcal of energy, means the need for liquids is 1 x 1800 = 1800 milliliters or 1.8 liters of water.
In general, the condition noraml, the body needs daily fluid can be calculated using the formula:
Formula1
The need is about 1 milliliter of fluid for every kilocalorie body's energy needs. If someone needs 1800 kcal of energy, means the need for liquids is 1 x 1800 = 1800 milliliters or 1.8 liters of water.
The formula 2
For the first 10 kg body weight need 1 liter of fluid, the second 10 kg body weight need 500 milliliters of liquid, and the rest every kilogram of body weight need 20 milliliters of liquid.
For example, if a person weighing 50 kg. So the first 10 kg weight = 1 liter, 10 kg of a second - 500 ml, the remaining 30 (50 kg-10-10) x 20 ml = 600 ml.
So overall fluid requirement is 1,000 + 500 + 600 = 2,100 ml or 2.1 liters per day.
From where we can meet the needs of the liquid? At the core of the two sources, namely food (vegetables, fruits, etc.) and drinks. Generally fluid obtained from the diet was about 20 percent, while the other 80 percent comes from beverages.
For example, if a person weighing 50 kg. So the first 10 kg weight = 1 liter, 10 kg of a second - 500 ml, the remaining 30 (50 kg-10-10) x 20 ml = 600 ml.
So overall fluid requirement is 1,000 + 500 + 600 = 2,100 ml or 2.1 liters per day.
From where we can meet the needs of the liquid? At the core of the two sources, namely food (vegetables, fruits, etc.) and drinks. Generally fluid obtained from the diet was about 20 percent, while the other 80 percent comes from beverages.
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